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Which of the Persian Kings is Achasheverosh from the Book of Esther?
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The first five kings of the Persian Empire are:
1. Cyrus the Great
2. Cambyses, the son of Cyrus the Great
3. Darius the Great
4. Xerxes, the son of Darius the Great
5. Artachshasta (Artaxerxes), the son of XerxesWhich of them is the Biblical Achashveirosh?
1. Certainly not Cyrus the Great since we find in Rashi's commentary to the very first verse of Book of Esther "Achashveirosh succeeded Cyrus as ruler of the Persian Empire, toward the end of the Jews' seventy-year exile in Babylon."
2. It also cannot be Cambyses since he only reigned 9 years, and some of the events in the Book of Esther took place in the 12th year of the reign of Achashveirosh.
In his commentary on the 11th chapter of the Book of Daniel (vs. 2) Rashi writes -.
” In the book of Joseph Ben Gorion, however, it is written that Cyrus had a son who succeeded him before the reign of Ahasuerus, named Cambyses."
3. These two quotations from Rashi unambiguously point to Darius the Great as King Achashveirosh since Darius the Great was both "toward the end of the Jews' seventy-year exile in Babylon" and immediately after Cambyses.
4. Why can't he Xerxes be Achashveirosh? Because he is chronologically too late, way after the end of 70 yrs. of Exile.
5. The same is even more obviously clear regarding Artaxerxes, the son of Xerxes.
Preliminary conclusion: The Biblical Achashveirosh is Darius the Great.
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sasson added to 6 months ago
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